Drayton, Chrześcijaństwo w świecie rzymskim, hagiografia i kult świętych
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//-->Pachomius as Discovered in the Worlds ofFourth Century Christian Egypt,Pachomian Literature and PachomianMonasticism:A Figure of History or Hagiography?byJames M. DraytonA Thesis submitted to theFaculty of Artsin Fulfilment of theRequirements for the Degree ofMaster of PhilosophyDepartment of Studies in ReligionUniversity of SydneyAustralia2002AbstractThe primary aim of the thesis is to discover the Pachomius of history in preference to thePachomius of hagiography. The surviving direct links to Pachomius and the Pachomianera remain the original Pachomian texts, Pachomian monasticism, and Pachomianspirituality. While all these sources provide invaluable information, there are a number ofproblems associated with them. Pachomian literature is of a highly hagiographic nature,and care must be taken when accepting its historical and chronological accuracy. SincePachomian monasticism ceased to exist during the early part of the seventh century, it isnecessary to rely on the research carried out by various Pachomian scholars, includingJames Goehring, Graham Gould, Philip Rousseau, and Armand Veilleux, to assess itsvalue. With regard to Pachomian spirituality, this is evidenced in his prayers, spiritualteachings, Instructions and writings. The literary works of Horsiesios and Theodore alsoprovide an insight into the spiritual world of Pachomius.Because of the lack of historical evidence it became necessary to fashion a methodologybased on a two pronged approach: an indirect and a direct one. The first examined all theinfluences responsible for moulding the character of the youthful Pachomius. Thisindirect approach included assessing the importance of the Hellenism of the Ptolemies,the pragmatism of the Romans, the intellectualism of Gnosticism, the mores of ancientEgypt, and the world of the desert fathers. The direct approach included a review of allthe Pachomian texts, and in particular assessment of their value as Pachomian sources. Toarrive at a final judgment concerning the historical Pachomius, it was necessary to collate2all this material, and assess its value.This approach resulted in an appreciation of the intellectual and spiritual wealth of earlyEgyptian Christianity. It also provided an introduction to the outstanding figures of thisera: Antony, Clement of Alexandria, Origen, Athanasius, Melitius, Basilides, Valentinusand others. It placed in perspective the problems associated with the development oforthodox Christian doctrines and the emergence of an institutionalized form ofChristianity. The Pachomius of history achieved greatness, and as a man he did not needthe embellishments and exaggerations offered by hagiography.3ContentsPrefaceChapter One:Socio-Economic Survey of Egypt under Ptolemaic andRoman Rule, Prior to the Advent of Christianity1.11.21.31.41.5IntroductionBrief Outline of the Pre-Ptolemaic Period of Egyptian HistoryEgypt under Ptolemaic RuleEgypt under Roman RuleThe Advent of Christianity into Egypt131617222511Chapter Two:Christianization of Egypt2.12.22.32.4Origins of Egyptian ChristianityFour Theories Concerning the Arrival of Christianity in Egypt27293234Nature of Early Egyptian ChristianityWorld of the Desert FathersChapter Three:Life of Pachomius43.13.23.33.43.53.63.7Early YearsConscript and ConvertAnchoriteFounder of Pachomian MonasticismFather SuperiorLater YearsConclusion43444548515255Chapter Four:Three Outstanding Figures of the Early Egyptian Church4.14.24.34.44.54.6IntroductionDemetrius Bishop of AlexandriaClement of AlexandriaOrigenWritings of OrigenCatechetical School of Alexandria565658616365Chapter Five:Gnosticism and its Influence on the Pachomian era5.15.2IntroductionChristian Gnosticism67695
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